A new safety net
There are many directives and regulations that address product compliance. Still it is practically impossible to cover all risks for all consumer products. The solution is a broad-based legislation to fill possible gaps and to complement existing and future legislation. This ‘one for all’ solution is provided by the General Product Safety Regulation. It provides a ’safety net’ to ensure a high level of protection of safety and health of consumers.
General Product Safety Regulation
On 23 May 2023, the General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) 2001/95/EC has been replaced with the General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) (EU) 2023/988. Already in 2011 the necessary revision of the GPSD was identified. Yet it was not until 28 November 2022, that the European Parliament and Council reached a political agreement on the proposal.
The transition period ended 13 December 2024.
FAQ
The European Commission answered frequently asked questions that may be helpful in the application of the GPSR (download pdf (April 2025)).
Electronic address
The most asked question is probably about the obligation to add an electronic address to the postal address of manufacturers, importers or other ‘responsible persons’.
Electronic address means a possibility for direct communication, such as an email address or a contact form on the website. Static websites or phone numbers do not fulfill this requirement. A QR code or other digital labelling cannot replace the physical address label.
The address information shall be placed on the product itself.
Online Marketplace Registration
Providers of an online marketplaces allow consumers to buy products from online traders. These providers shall designate a single point of contact for communication with market surveillance authorities. The registration module, explanation and tutorial can be found here. This registration obligation does not apply to online traders that make use of such marketplaces.
Impact
After more than 20 years a comprehensive list of issues is now updated and tightened.
Below is a non-exhaustive summary of topics covered by the GPSR, in a random order.
| RISKS | Summary |
| Health | Health is defined as complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just merely the absence of disease or illness. Assessment of mental health of especially children using connected products is required. |
| Assessment | Manufacturers shall carry out an internal risk analysis and draw up a technical file. Attention to the most vulnerable consumers, such as children and older persons remains essential and is extended with risks for persons with disabilities. The aspects for the safety assessment have been extended with risks of emerging technologies such as cybersecurity (hacking, privacy), artificial intelligence (predictive, learning products), robotics, and 3D printed articles. |
| Design | The GPSR emphasises that a high level of safety should be primarily be achieved by design and products should “not present any risk”. The non-avoidable remaining risks should be addressed with warnings and instructions. |
| Processes | It is compulsory for economic operators to have internal processes for product safety. Procedures should be present to make sure that products produced in series remain in conformity. |
| Food imitations | Non-food products that are likely to be confused with foodstuff should be considered dangerous. Directive 87/357/EEC is repealed by the GPSR (ProductIPedia). |
| Chemicals | A safety net for chemical risks in products not covered by specific legislation. This includes environmental risks as much as safety and health of consumers. |
| Software | Software updates, including Over The Air (OAT), that ‘substantially’ modify the original product shall be submitted to a new risk analysis. |
| RECALLS | Summary |
| Notice | Economic operators including online marketplaces are legally obliged to use all available customer data to contact them directly on recalls and safety warnings. The recall notice should clearly describe the risks, avoiding any expressions that may decrease or downplay the perception of the risk. A product recall notice template will be made available by the Commission. |
| Remedies | Consumers should be offered at least two remedy options between repair, replacement, or refund of the recalled product. In addition, incentives to motivate consumers to participate in a recall, such as discounts or vouchers, should be encouraged. Product safety recall remedies should not cause any inconvenience for the consumers, nor place them at risk. |
| Sustainability | The most sustainable corrective action that is the one with the lowest environmental impact should be preferred, provided that it does not result in a lower level of safety. |
| 3 Safety Gates | The Safety Gate Rapid Alert System (formerly RAPEX) exchanges information between authorities on recalls of dangerous products. The Safety Gate Portal informs the public about dangerous products and also enables consumers to submit (serious) complaints. The Safety Business Gateway enables businesses to inform market surveillance authorities about dangerous products and about accidents. |
| TRACEABILITY | Summary |
| Identification | Products shall bear identification such as a type, batch or serial number. Name, postal and electronic address of the manufacturer shall be placed on the product. In the case non-EU manufacturers contact information shall also be provided about the EU-based ‘Responsible Person’. Any economic operator shall keep information about who has supplied them with the product (part, component, software) and to whom they have supplied the product. |
| Responsible Person | A product may be placed on the market only if there is a Responsible Person (an economic operator) established in the EU. The name, postal and electronic address, of the responsible person shall be indicated on the product or on its packaging. The Responsible Person shall regularly check the compliance with the technical documentation, product and manufacturer information, instruction and safety information. Evidence of the regular checks shall be documented. |
| Online sales | Webshops, online markets or distance sales shall clearly display the following information about the products offered: name and contact details of the manufacturer; name and details of the EU responsible person; identification of the product, including a picture of it; and any warning or safety information in a language easily understood by consumers. |
| Economic operators | In addition to manufacturers, authorised representatives, importers and distributors the GPSR identifies fulfilment service providers, and providers of an online marketplace. |
| MORE TOPICS | Summary |
| Market surveillance | Market surveillance should carry out joint activities, undercover online and offline shopping, and simultaneous ‘sweep’ actions. |
| Complaints | Manufacturers shall enable communication via telephone, e-mail or their website for consumers to file complaints and to inform about accidents or safety issues. Manufacturers shall investigate and keep records of complaints, product recalls, and any corrective measures. |
| A Regulation | As opposed to a Directive, a Regulation does not give room for deviating transpositions of legislation by member states. |
| (EU) 2019/1020 | The existing legal framework for market surveillance of ‘harmonised’ products as set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 is now also applicable to ‘non-harmonised’ products covered by the GPSR. This is already the case in Germany. |
